WEBVTT 00:00.110 --> 00:06.380 In this lesson, you will see how to edit files directly from the terminal with a program called nano. 00:06.380 --> 00:10.280 So every time we wrote files for now, we did it with Thonny. 00:10.280 --> 00:15.350 So you just open Thonny like this programming Thonny you can open a file, you can write to it, you 00:15.350 --> 00:16.190 can save. 00:16.190 --> 00:20.540 And then when you save it somewhere, for example, in documents and Python programs for the Python 00:20.540 --> 00:21.380 programs here. 00:21.380 --> 00:24.170 But all of that, we can also do it from the terminal. 00:24.170 --> 00:27.170 So still we're going to use Thonny to write Python programs. 00:27.170 --> 00:33.080 But for small files and small edits that you need to do, it could be quicker to edit files directly 00:33.080 --> 00:35.960 using the terminal and the program we are going to use. 00:35.960 --> 00:37.460 So I told you it's called Nano. 00:37.460 --> 00:39.320 So it's called Nano like this. 00:39.320 --> 00:42.950 And actually nano is a terminal command that you can write. 00:42.950 --> 00:45.500 So you can write it directly in the terminal. 00:45.500 --> 00:48.110 And so let's go to the home directory. 00:48.110 --> 00:51.290 So if you were not in the home directory you just type CD. 00:51.290 --> 00:53.300 And we are back to the home directory. 00:53.330 --> 00:55.580 Now let's see how to write to a file. 00:55.580 --> 00:59.090 So if I do ls well let's say there is a file here. 00:59.090 --> 01:01.950 I could do nano and then put the name of the file. 01:01.950 --> 01:06.510 If I want to create a new file, I just put Nano and the name of the new file. 01:06.510 --> 01:11.220 Let's just name it new file like this with an underscore. 01:11.220 --> 01:14.520 And note that I didn't put any extension here. 01:14.520 --> 01:17.880 So with Unix you don't need any extension for any file. 01:17.880 --> 01:19.650 Extensions are still going to be useful. 01:19.650 --> 01:23.940 For example, if you create a Python program it needs to end with pi. 01:23.970 --> 01:29.190 Then if you create a text file and you also want to open this text file on windows, maybe better to 01:29.220 --> 01:31.320 use the dot txt extension, right? 01:31.350 --> 01:35.880 But here let's just leave the file with no extension. 01:35.880 --> 01:39.780 So we have a new file called well new file. 01:39.780 --> 01:40.770 And we are here. 01:40.770 --> 01:43.020 You can see we are still in the terminal but it looks different. 01:43.020 --> 01:45.390 And it's actually a well a text editor. 01:45.390 --> 01:46.560 So you can right. 01:46.560 --> 01:48.660 So this is some text. 01:49.680 --> 01:53.790 So you just write the text that you want and you can press enter. 01:53.790 --> 01:57.840 You can use the arrow keys to navigate okay. 01:57.870 --> 02:00.000 For example hello Dot. 02:00.000 --> 02:02.660 You can just well you can write whatever you want. 02:02.690 --> 02:05.240 Now, how to exit from this file? 02:05.240 --> 02:05.540 Well. 02:05.570 --> 02:08.120 To exit from this file you're going to press. 02:08.120 --> 02:10.310 You can see you have some help at the bottom here. 02:10.310 --> 02:14.300 You're going to press Ctrl and X or Ctrl X. 02:14.300 --> 02:16.640 And now you see do you want to save. 02:16.640 --> 02:19.850 So modified buffer is do you want to save the file basically. 02:19.880 --> 02:21.320 And you have yes and no. 02:21.320 --> 02:24.920 So you can write you can type y. 02:24.950 --> 02:27.140 If you type y is going to say yes. 02:27.140 --> 02:33.770 And then you press enter and you see you are back in the terminal and we have exited and saved the file. 02:33.770 --> 02:37.130 So we have seen you can use nano to edit a file. 02:37.160 --> 02:41.180 How to actually just see what's in a file without having to edit it. 02:41.180 --> 02:42.860 Well this is the command called cat. 02:42.890 --> 02:45.800 So cat and then the name of the file. 02:45.800 --> 02:48.560 And note here I can use the autocompletion as well. 02:48.560 --> 02:51.500 So you can use autocompletion for anything in the terminal. 02:51.500 --> 02:57.650 So if I just put n and I press tab you see it's new file because we just have one file. 02:58.400 --> 03:04.120 And this is the content of the file I can also do RLS and if I do RLS, I have my file here. 03:04.120 --> 03:08.050 I can also see this from the file manager. 03:08.050 --> 03:12.160 You see the new file is here and if I double click I can open it. 03:12.610 --> 03:14.350 So this is the same thing. 03:14.770 --> 03:20.200 Now if I want to go back to this file to write to the file again with Nano, I just do Nano. 03:20.260 --> 03:24.970 And I put the name of the file again with Autocompletion because it's easier. 03:24.970 --> 03:27.250 And we're going to make less mistakes with the name. 03:27.250 --> 03:28.390 So I press enter. 03:28.390 --> 03:31.810 I am back to my text editor and that's pretty much it. 03:31.810 --> 03:36.970 The only thing I'm going to show you here is because if you're going to write some code, for example 03:36.970 --> 03:39.760 Python code, you're going to need to add some indentation. 03:39.760 --> 03:44.530 And for the indentation to work correctly with nano you need to do a bit of configuration. 03:44.530 --> 03:45.820 So first let's see. 03:45.820 --> 03:51.730 So let's imagine you're here and you have something like while true okay. 03:51.760 --> 03:53.650 And then you want to add an indentation. 03:53.650 --> 03:59.560 So by default you would use tab and let's say print or print something. 03:59.560 --> 04:01.910 Well this is not real code I'm going gonna execute. 04:01.940 --> 04:03.950 Okay, it's just some text and just to show you. 04:03.950 --> 04:05.840 And you can see that here. 04:05.840 --> 04:14.390 If I go with the arrow keys, I have one tab that corresponds to it seems it's about eight spaces. 04:14.390 --> 04:17.090 So 1234, five, six, seven, eight. 04:17.090 --> 04:20.330 So we have one tab that corresponds to eight spaces. 04:20.330 --> 04:22.370 But it's not really spaces, it's just a tab okay. 04:22.400 --> 04:28.550 Because I just go from the beginning to the end and this kind of stuff is not gonna work with Python. 04:28.550 --> 04:29.810 So let's fix that. 04:29.810 --> 04:31.160 So you can exit the file. 04:31.160 --> 04:37.970 And actually, instead of just exiting and then asking to save, you can directly save with Ctrl and 04:38.000 --> 04:38.540 S. 04:38.540 --> 04:41.600 So it's quite classic command Ctrl S to save. 04:41.630 --> 04:46.610 You can see here you have some comments and then Ctrl X to exit. 04:46.610 --> 04:50.870 And this time you don't have anything to ask you to save because it was already saved. 04:50.870 --> 04:54.140 And to add configuration for nano we will need to. 04:54.170 --> 04:58.700 So first make sure you are in the home directory because you could create this file here anywhere. 04:58.700 --> 05:02.760 But for the configuration it needs to be in the home directory. 05:02.760 --> 05:04.380 So CD and is going to be. 05:04.380 --> 05:07.560 So if I do PWD it's going to be home slash Pi. 05:07.560 --> 05:11.640 And we are going to create a new hidden file named. 05:11.640 --> 05:19.020 So I'm going to use Nano actually to create this file named Dot nano RC. 05:19.260 --> 05:19.620 Okay. 05:19.650 --> 05:23.160 So exactly like this dot nano RC. 05:23.250 --> 05:27.720 So you do this, you enter the file and then we're gonna write two commands. 05:27.720 --> 05:35.730 So you just type this you can type set then space tab size and then space for. 05:36.210 --> 05:37.440 And then you go back to a new line. 05:37.440 --> 05:42.420 And you do set tabs to spaces. 05:42.420 --> 05:47.070 And you see that the color should change which means that the keyword is recognized. 05:47.070 --> 05:51.660 So this is simply going to say, well, instead of using tabs you use spaces. 05:51.660 --> 05:53.970 And then for one tab you have four spaces. 05:53.970 --> 05:59.070 If you want to know more commands to write in the nano SC, you can simply type nano SC on Google and 05:59.070 --> 06:00.600 you will find a lot of comments. 06:00.600 --> 06:02.650 I'm just going to use those two right now. 06:02.650 --> 06:07.870 So I will save the file with Ctrl and S and then exit with Ctrl and X. 06:07.900 --> 06:08.080 Okay. 06:08.110 --> 06:10.000 And so now where is the file. 06:10.030 --> 06:13.450 Well you can see the file with LZ Dash eight. 06:13.570 --> 06:18.400 And you see we have our new file here nano RC. 06:18.550 --> 06:24.550 I can also see what's inside with cat dot nano RC. 06:24.580 --> 06:26.590 I can press tab here for the Autocompletion. 06:26.590 --> 06:29.050 And you see I have the content here. 06:29.080 --> 06:29.500 Great. 06:29.500 --> 06:31.300 And what this file is going to do. 06:31.300 --> 06:36.850 Well when you open Nano it's going to check this file and apply the different commands that we have 06:36.850 --> 06:37.450 written here. 06:37.450 --> 06:40.000 So now if I go back to new file here. 06:40.000 --> 06:45.610 So if I do Nano new file and I press enter. 06:45.640 --> 06:47.320 Now the comments have been run. 06:47.320 --> 06:52.360 And you can see already that here instead of eight spaces we have four spaces. 06:52.360 --> 06:54.970 But as you can see the tab is still a tab. 06:54.970 --> 06:55.930 So it's four spaces. 06:55.930 --> 07:01.810 Yes, but it's still a tab because we have created this tab before we actually set the configuration. 07:01.810 --> 07:06.820 So what you can do is just do a you can remove this and then you can do another tab. 07:06.820 --> 07:10.960 And now you can see that the tab should be actually four spaces. 07:11.590 --> 07:12.100 Okay. 07:12.100 --> 07:18.760 So now for any new thing that you type and any new file that you edit with this configuration that we 07:18.760 --> 07:22.720 did, the tabs will be correct specially here for Python code. 07:22.720 --> 07:25.030 And now you can save the file with Ctrl S. 07:25.030 --> 07:28.150 And if you want you can exit with Ctrl X. 07:28.180 --> 07:33.010 All right so in this lesson you have seen that you can actually edit some files. 07:33.010 --> 07:35.830 And you can even create some files from the terminal. 07:35.860 --> 07:39.550 And so it's going to be the same as if you were creating a file with Sony. 07:39.550 --> 07:42.190 And then writing into it and then saving the file. 07:42.220 --> 07:42.400 Okay. 07:42.430 --> 07:44.110 You can do the exact same thing. 07:44.110 --> 07:49.720 Now of course with Sony is going to be much easier to write Python files, okay, because it has syntax 07:49.720 --> 07:53.140 highlighting, autocompletion and additional features. 07:53.140 --> 07:54.940 So that's why we use programs like this. 07:54.940 --> 07:59.710 But for small files you need to edit like configuration files or even small edits. 07:59.710 --> 08:02.290 Then you can use nano in the terminal.