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Structured Query Language is an industry standard programming language for storing, processing, and

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querying data in most relational databases.

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There are three types of SQL commands that we're going to cover in this course.

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Data definition language.

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Data query language and data manipulation language.

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Data definition language is used to define database objects.

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We use commands like create and alter to create and update tables, views, and other database objects.

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Data query Language retrieves information from one or more tables.

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We use the Select statement with filter keywords such as where and order by.

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Data manipulation language creates, modifies and deletes data from the database tables using the insert,

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update and delete commands.

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SQL performs its functions through the following key characteristics.

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SQL is a declarative language.

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You write SQL commands that describe your desired results.

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SQL handles the details of how to retrieve the data and presents the correct results.

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So SQL is a Self-optimizing language.

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SQL is also a set oriented language.

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Its structure allows programmers to be free from concerns about opening and closing tables and managing

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files.

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SQL connects to the entire database at once.

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Finally, SQL is an embedded language.

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SQL can be embedded into many procedural languages such as Java, C, C plus plus, C, sharp, Visual

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Basic, VBA and VB scripting, structured Query Language includes data types that will be familiar to

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most automation and programming professionals.

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These include numbers, which are numeric values such as integers, floating point, and precise decimal

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numbers.

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It also includes date and time data types, as well as Ansi and Unicode format strings of both fixed

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length and variable length.

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SQL also includes Guids, which are globally unique identifiers which can be used as key fields.

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Other data types include binary variant image text table cursors, as well as user defined types or

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udts.

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SQL includes clauses to limit order and consolidate data returned by queries such as where order, by

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group, by having, and union.

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It also allows you to quantify data using keywords like in between, like is null and exists.

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There are familiar operators for equal and not equal to less than greater than, greater than or equal,

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less than or equal, and the familiar Boolean operators and, or and not Transact-sql or T-sql is a

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proprietary extension of the Structured Query Language, and it's central to the use of Microsoft SQL

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server.

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T-sql supports declared variables, string and data processing, error and exception handling, and

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transaction control.

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While SQL is a programming language, T-sql adds support for procedural programming and the use of local

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variables.

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SQL is heavily utilized in manufacturing industries for quality control, supply chain optimization,

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and inventory management.

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SQL can assist in tracking production data, managing material resources, and identifying areas for

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process improvement.

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SQL is also used for recipe and parameter sets.

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Many automation systems allow process parameter sets to be stored as recipe records in a database,

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which can be downloaded to the PLC when a changeover occurs.

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It can also be used as a production tracking system, generating detailed records for each product produced.

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SQL is also used for materials consumption planning, as it provides features including conversion from

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a customer's Po directly into a job order.

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In many cases, SQL can be used as a common data link between different automation systems in a plant,

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providing critical data exchange between different systems using an industry standard language.