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‫In this video, we're gonna talk about

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‫the second type of Mongoose middleware,

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‫which is query middleware.

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‫And, as the name says, query middleware

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‫allows us to run functions before or after

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‫a certain query is executed.

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‫And so let's now add a pre-find hook,

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‫so basically, a middleware that is gonna run

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‫before any find query is executed.

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‫So let's add another comment here.

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‫So this is query middleware.

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‫And of course, it works in a very similar way

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‫as before.

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‫So the tourSchema, and then pre,

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‫and in here we define the hook,

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‫which is gonna be "find."

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‫So, function, and again, we have access

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‫to the next function.

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‫And actually, let's start by calling it here

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‫at the end so that we don't forget it.

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‫Okay, and so you see, that it looks

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‫exactly like the other middleware,

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‫the other pre-hook.

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‫The only difference here is really this find hook,

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‫which will make this query middleware

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‫and not document middleware.

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‫All right?

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‫And so, the big difference here is

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‫that the this keyword will now point at the current query

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‫and not at the current document,

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‫because we're not really processing any documents here.

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‫We're really gonna be processing a query.

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‫Okay?

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‫And the use case that we're gonna do here is this.

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‫So let's suppose that we can have

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‫secret tours in our database,

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‫like for tours that are only offered internally,

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‫or for a very small, like, VIP group of people,

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‫and that the public shouldn't know about.

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‫Now, since these tours are secret,

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‫we do not want the secret tours to ever appear

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‫in the result outputs.

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‫Right?

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‫And so what we're gonna do is to create a secret tour field

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‫and then query only for tours that are not secret.

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‫All right?

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‫So, let's do that.

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‫Start by adding here, and let's do it right at the end.

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‫secretTour, so the type should be a Boolean,

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‫and I think this is the first time

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‫we're actually using a Boolean,

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‫so this would either be true or false.

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‫So if it's true, then it is a secret tour,

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‫and we don't want it to show up,

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‫and, by default, it is false.

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‫All right?

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‫And so, basically, usually the tours are not secret.

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‫Okay.

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‫Next up, let's actually go ahead and create a secret tour

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‫so that we can then test using it, okay?

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‫So let's call this here the Super Secret Tour.

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‫All of this doesn't matter,

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‫and let me just say that secretTour is indeed true.

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‫Okay?

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‫Save it here ...

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‫And, uh, where is that?

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‫Yeah. So secretTour is true.

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‫And let's now actually head over to Compass

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‫and delete all of these other tours that we had there.

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‫So, let's reload this ...

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‫And then, down here, we should have ...

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‫Yeah, this test tour here, we can delete that.

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‫Another test tour ...

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‫So all this clutter here, basically,

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‫we want to get rid of it.

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‫We only keep the secretTour here

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‫so that we can now experiment with it.

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‫Okay, and you see here that secretTour is set to true,

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‫while the other ones, of course,

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‫do not have this attribute,

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‫because, by the time we created them,

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‫we didn't have the secretTour yet.

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‫So, now, just before we start,

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‫back in Postman, let's confirm that, indeed,

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‫the last tour here, and actually it's not the last tour,

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‫so where is it?

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‫Oh, it's the first one.

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‫So here we have the Super Secret Tour,

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‫of course, set to true.

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‫All right? So, moving back now,

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‫let's now execute the query

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‫like we just said in the beginning.

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‫So, again, keep in mind that this here

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‫is now a query object, all right?

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‫And so we can chain all of the methods

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‫that we have for queries.

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‫And so that simply adds a find method here,

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‫and then basically select all the documents

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‫where secretTour is not true, okay?

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‫So secretTour ...

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‫And then is not equal to true.

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‫And I'm doing it like this because, remember,

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‫the editors are not currently set to false.

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‫They do simply not have this attribute.

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‫All right?

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‫Okay, so let's test it out now again.

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‫And so it should now be gone here.

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‫And indeed, it is no longer here.

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‫Okay, we have all the tours that are not secret,

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‫but not the secret tour.

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‫And I'm now seeing that we actually have

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‫secretTour set to false here,

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‫but that's really just a Mongoose thing,

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‫so let's take another look here at Compass,

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‫and reload.

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‫And so you see that, actually, in the database,

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‫secretTour is not set to false.

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‫Mongoose is simply adding that because we have it

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‫in our schema as the default, and it's not in the database.

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‫And so it's basically, then, putting it there anyway.

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‫So you see that we actually have 11 documents,

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‫but then here in Postman we only get ten results.

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‫And that is, of course,

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‫because our Secret Tour is basically filtered out.

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‫Okay?

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‫So, let's try to understand again

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‫what really happens.

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‫So as soon as we hit this route, here,

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‫using the get method,

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‫let's see what happens.

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‫So, what happens is that we create a query

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‫using tour.find.

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‫Okay?

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‫And then, of course, we chain all these methods to it

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‫as we talked about in one of the last lectures,

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‫and then, by the end,

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‫we then execute that query here by using await.

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‫Right? Remember that?

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‫So this is where we execute the query.

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‫But, before it actually is executed,

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‫then, our pre-find middleware here is executed.

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‫Okay?

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‫And it is executed because it is find,

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‫just like we used here.

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‫Right?

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‫So, we're creating a find query,

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‫and so, therefore, the find hook is then executed.

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‫Then, in here, since it is query middleware,

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‫the this keyword points to the query.

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‫And so, to that query, we can then chain

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‫yet another find method, right?

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‫And in there, we then filter out the secretTour

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‫using this filter object.

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‫Okay?

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‫So basically saying that we only want tours

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‫where the secretTour is not equal to true.

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‫And it would actually work the same

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‫if we simply said here, false,

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‫but I find it cleaner like this.

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‫Okay, there is now just one thing that we need to fix,

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‫because right now this middleware is running

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‫for find, but not for find1.

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‫Okay?

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‫So let me show you the problem that we might get with that.

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‫So, uh, let's take the ID of the Secret Tour.

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‫So we have the Secret Tour here,

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‫and that's its ID, and so if we get tour,

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‫then that should give us the Super Secret Tour here.

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‫Right?

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‫And so you see, that that filter

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‫that we just built in the middleware

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‫is not working for this command.

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‫Okay?

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‫And that's because the handle function for this route,

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‫as you might remember,

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‫is using findByID, which, behind the scenes,

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‫is find1, and so it's different from find.

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‫All right?

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‫So, we need to specify the same middleware also for find1.

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‫Now, there are two ways of doing that,

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‫and the first one would be simply to go ahead,

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‫copy this code, and then put find1 here.

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‫But that's not really good,

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‫and so instead we're gonna use a regular expression.

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‫And that is quite easy, and so ...

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‫And let me actually just duplicate this here,

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‫comment this piece out,

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‫and then, remember, a regular expression

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‫starts and ends with a slash.

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‫And then in here, what I want to say,

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‫is that this middleware should be executed

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‫not only for find,

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‫but for all the commands that start with the name find.

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‫Okay?

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‫So, find, and find1, and also find1 and delete,

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‫find1 and update,

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‫and so all of these will now actually trigger

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‫this middleware function that we have here.

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‫All right?

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‫So, no need for that.

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‫This regular expression here is way better.

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‫So again, this here simply means

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‫all the strings that start with find.

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‫And actually, since we're here,

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‫let me show you the Mongoose documentations again.

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‫So, when we go here, to middleware in these guides,

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‫you'll then have an overview of all the middleware.

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‫For example, document middleware

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‫is the one that we talked about before,

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‫which runs, for example, on save.

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‫But in fact, document middleware can also

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‫run for stuff like remove.

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‫All right?

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‫Or for validate.

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‫Okay, but I didn't talk about these because

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‫usually the one that we always use is just for save.

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‫Now, query middleware can run for

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‫all of these query functions.

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‫So find, as we just specified,

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‫and now, with our regular expression,

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‫it's also gonna run for find1,

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‫findOneAndDelete, findOneAndRemove,

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‫and findOneAndUpdate.

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‫Anyway, moving back to Postman now,

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‫this should now have fixed this situation here.

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‫So when we now run this query,

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‫it should have no results.

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‫And indeed, it doesn't.

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‫Because, remember, we were trying to get a secretTour.

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‫So the tour with this ID here is secret,

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‫but we never want the secretTours

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‫to show up in any query.

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‫And so that's why, right now, we get zero results.

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‫Okay?

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‫So that works now.

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‫Don't save this,

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‫and now, back to our code.

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‫Let's now actually also specify

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‫a post middleware for find.

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‫So, tourSchema, and then, just like before, post,

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‫and then let's use our regular expression here again

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‫for anything starting with find.

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‫And then just a regular function,

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‫and then here, in the post-find middleware,

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‫we actually get access to all the documents

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‫that we returned from the query.

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‫So let's call that Docs.

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‫All right?

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‫So, remember that this middleware is gonna run

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‫after the query has already executed.

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‫And so, therefore, it can have access

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‫to the documents that were returned.

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‫Again, because that query has

254
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‫actually already finished at this point.

255
00:11:11,580 --> 00:11:15,510
‫So let's log these documents to the console,

256
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‫so docs,

257
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‫but I also want to do something else here.

258
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‫So basically, let's create, kind of,

259
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‫a clock to measure how long it takes

260
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‫to execute the current query.

261
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‫All right?

262
00:11:28,953 --> 00:11:30,770
‫So, how are we gonna do that?

263
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‫Well, quite simple.

264
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‫We can simply set a property onto the this object,

265
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‫because this query object is really just a regular object.

266
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‫Of course it has access to all these methods,

267
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‫such as find,

268
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‫but we can also use it

269
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‫to set any property that we want on it.

270
00:11:48,660 --> 00:11:51,000
‫So, again, just a regular object.

271
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‫And so here we can say this.start

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‫should be the current date.

273
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‫Okay?

274
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‫And so this will set it as the

275
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‫current time in milliseconds, okay?

276
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‫And so then, here, in the post middleware,

277
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‫which is gonna run after the query has executed,

278
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‫we can then subtract the current time

279
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‫minus the start time.

280
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‫So console.log,

281
00:12:18,470 --> 00:12:19,583
‫query took,

282
00:12:21,240 --> 00:12:22,600
‫and now the current date

283
00:12:26,970 --> 00:12:28,073
‫minus this.start,

284
00:12:33,400 --> 00:12:34,423
‫milliseconds.

285
00:12:35,510 --> 00:12:38,295
‫Okay, let's give it a save,

286
00:12:38,295 --> 00:12:43,295
‫and so let's now try to run a query and see our results.

287
00:12:45,090 --> 00:12:46,469
‫Okay?

288
00:12:46,469 --> 00:12:48,390
‫So, here we get all our tours,

289
00:12:48,390 --> 00:12:49,713
‫here we have the console,

290
00:12:50,700 --> 00:12:52,140
‫and let's actually clear that.

291
00:12:52,140 --> 00:12:53,740
‫There's a lot of stuff in there.

292
00:12:55,540 --> 00:12:56,763
‫Request again,

293
00:12:58,340 --> 00:13:00,480
‫and so here are all the results.

294
00:13:00,480 --> 00:13:03,210
‫So basically these are all the tours that were found,

295
00:13:03,210 --> 00:13:06,490
‫and so that's the result of console.log of the docs.

296
00:13:06,490 --> 00:13:09,890
‫So basically the documents that matched the query.

297
00:13:09,890 --> 00:13:13,220
‫But I'm now interested in this first console.log,

298
00:13:13,220 --> 00:13:17,670
‫and so, here we see "Query took 120 milliseconds,"

299
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:19,970
‫and so that was basically the time that passed

300
00:13:19,970 --> 00:13:22,660
‫from the beginning, where we defined this,

301
00:13:22,660 --> 00:13:26,950
‫to after the query has executed, at this point in time.

302
00:13:26,950 --> 00:13:27,783
‫All right.

303
00:13:27,783 --> 00:13:29,910
‫And that is all that I had to show you for now

304
00:13:29,910 --> 00:13:31,550
‫about query middleware,

305
00:13:31,550 --> 00:13:32,680
‫and just like before,

306
00:13:32,680 --> 00:13:34,370
‫of course we're gonna use this a lot

307
00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:35,380
‫throughout the course,

308
00:13:35,380 --> 00:13:37,450
‫because, as I mentioned in the beginning,

309
00:13:37,450 --> 00:13:39,840
‫middleware is really a fundamental concept

310
00:13:39,840 --> 00:13:42,010
‫that's really important for a lot of stuff

311
00:13:42,010 --> 00:13:44,060
‫that we need in our applications.

312
00:13:44,060 --> 00:13:46,140
‫So we're almost done talking about middleware.

313
00:13:46,140 --> 00:13:48,070
‫Next up is the last one,

314
00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:49,823
‫which is aggregation middleware.